by

English

/baɪ/

prep
Definitions
  • Near or next to.
  • From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past.
  • Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval).
  • Through the action or presence of.
  • Existing through the authorship etc. of.
  • Involving/using the means of.
  • According to.
  • (horse breeding)

Etymology

Inherited from Middle English by (town) inherited from Old English bī (by, near, around, lullaby) inherited from Proto-Germanic *bi (near, by, around, about, be-) derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi (at, near, on, upon, against).

Origin

Proto-Indo-European

*h₁epi

Gloss

at, near, on, upon, against

Concept
Semantic Field

Spatial relations

Ontological Category

Other

Kanji

近

Emoji

Timeline

Distribution of cognates by language

Geogrpahic distribution of cognates

Cognates and derived terms