soil

English

/sɔɪl/

noun
Definitions
  • (uncountable) A mixture of mineral particles and organic material, used to support plant growth.
  • (uncountable) The unconsolidated mineral or organic material on the immediate surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants.
  • (uncountable) The unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on the surface of the earth that has been subjected to and shows effects of genetic and environmental factors of: climate (including water and temperature effects), and macro- and microorganisms, conditioned by relief, acting on parent material over a period of time. A product-soil differs from the material from which it is derived in many physical, chemical, biological, and morphological properties and characteristics.
  • Country or territory.
  • That which soils or pollutes; a stain.
  • A marshy or miry place to which a hunted boar resorts for refuge; hence, a wet place, stream, or tract of water, sought for by other game, as deer.
  • Dung; compost; manure.

Etymology

Inherited from Middle English soile derived from soyl (bottom, pavement, ground) derived from Latin solium (seat, throne, chair, place, tub, bathtub, threshold), solum (ground, bottom, floor, soil, base, flat ground, foundation, earth, sole of the foot) inherited from Old English sol (mud, mire, wet sand, wallowing-place, slough, a mire miry place, miry place) inherited from Proto-Germanic *sulą (mud, spot, mire, wallow) derived from Proto-Indo-European *sūl- (thick liquid, muck).

Origin

Proto-Indo-European

*sūl-

Gloss

thick liquid, muck

Timeline

Distribution of cognates by language

Geogrpahic distribution of cognates

Cognates and derived terms