soil
English
/sɔɪl/
noun
Definitions
- (uncountable) A mixture of mineral particles and organic material, used to support plant growth.
- (uncountable) The unconsolidated mineral or organic material on the immediate surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants.
- (uncountable) The unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on the surface of the earth that has been subjected to and shows effects of genetic and environmental factors of: climate (including water and temperature effects), and macro- and microorganisms, conditioned by relief, acting on parent material over a period of time. A product-soil differs from the material from which it is derived in many physical, chemical, biological, and morphological properties and characteristics.
- Country or territory.
- That which soils or pollutes; a stain.
- A marshy or miry place to which a hunted boar resorts for refuge; hence, a wet place, stream, or tract of water, sought for by other game, as deer.
- Dung; compost; manure.
Etymology
Inherited from Middle English soile derived from soyl (bottom, pavement, ground) derived from Latin solium (seat, throne, chair, place, tub, bathtub, threshold), solum (ground, bottom, floor, soil, base, flat ground, foundation, earth, sole of the foot) inherited from Old English sol (mud, mire, wet sand, wallowing-place, slough, a mire miry place, miry place) inherited from Proto-Germanic *sulą (mud, spot, mire, wallow) derived from Proto-Indo-European *sūl- (thick liquid, muck).
Origin
Proto-Indo-European
*sūl-
Gloss
thick liquid, muck
Timeline
Distribution of cognates by language
Geogrpahic distribution of cognates
Cognates and derived terms
- -ing English
- -sol English
- Free-Soilism English
- antisoil English
- besoil English
- borne English
- free English
- hydrosoil English
- neosoil English
- nonsoil English
- paleosoil English
- soilable English
- soilborne English
- soiler English
- soiliness English
- soilization English
- soilless English
- soillessness English
- soillike English
- soilscape English
- soilsome English
- soily English
- solum English
- subsoil English
- subsoiler English
- subsoiling English
- supersoil English
- top English
- topsoil English
- topsoiling English
- un- English
- undersoil English
- unsoilable English
- unsoiling English
- *solium Latin
- archisolium Latin
- assolo Latin
- solium Latin
- solum Latin
- suhlen German
- soglio Italian
- sol French
- solar Spanish, Castilian
- *sodyom Proto-Indo-European
- *swol- Proto-Indo-European
- *sūl- Proto-Indo-European
- såle Norwegian Bokmål
- assoalho Portuguese
- sólio Portuguese
- *saulijaną Proto-Germanic
- *suliwōną Proto-Germanic
- *sulwōną Proto-Germanic
- *sulą Proto-Germanic
- *sulōną Proto-Germanic
- *sōwulą Proto-Germanic
- sol Old English
- solmonaþ Old English
- bisoilen Middle English
- soile Middle English
- sol Middle English
- sóli Old Norse
- sòl Catalan, Valencian
- soio Galician
- sollo Galician
- sol Romanian, Moldavian, Moldovan
- sylfaen Welsh
- sol Middle High German
- süln Middle High German
- *𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 Gothic
- 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 Gothic
- 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌽𐌰𐌽 Gothic
- 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 Gothic
- soyl xno
- zöł Vilamovian
- *sodium Old Latin