refrain
English
/ɹɪˈfɹeɪn/
verb
Definitions
- (transitive) To hold back, to restrain (someone or something).
- (reflexive) To show restraint; to hold oneself back.
- (transitive) To repress (a desire, emotion etc.); to check or curb.
- (intransitive) To stop oneself from (from) some action or interference; to abstain.
- (transitive) To abstain from (food or drink).
Etymology
Borrowed from refraindre borrowed from Middle French refreindre derived from Latin refringere borrowed from refrener borrowed from Middle French refrener derived from Latin refrenare root from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- (break, crack, split).
Origin
Proto-Indo-European
*bʰreg-
Gloss
break, crack, split
Concept
Semantic Field
Basic actions and technology
Ontological Category
Action/Process
Emoji
💔
Timeline
Distribution of cognates by language
Geogrpahic distribution of cognates
Cognates and derived terms
- break English
- diffraction English
- refract English
- refraction English
- refrainer English
- refrainest English
- refraineth English
- refrainment English
- refringence English
- *refrangere Latin
- confringere Latin
- diffractus Latin
- fractio Latin
- fractura Latin
- fractūra Latin
- fragilis Latin
- fragmentum Latin
- frangere Latin
- frango Latin
- frāctura Latin
- frāctus Latin
- frāctūra Latin
- infractio Latin
- infringere Latin
- re- Latin
- refrenare Latin
- refringere Latin
- Refrain German
- brechen German
- erbrechen German
- refrain Italian
- breken Dutch, Flemish
- refrain French
- refrán Spanish, Castilian
- *bʰreHg- Proto-Indo-European
- *bʰreg- Proto-Indo-European
- *bʰrāg- Proto-Indo-European
- refreng Norwegian Bokmål
- refrão Portuguese
- *brak- Proto-Germanic
- *brekaną Proto-Germanic
- *brekō Proto-Germanic
- *brukka- Proto-Germanic
- *brukkô Proto-Germanic
- refreng Norwegian Nynorsk
- refræn Danish
- broiier Old French
- refraindre Old French
- refrait Old French
- răsfrânge Romanian, Moldavian, Moldovan
- ρεφρέν Greek (modern)
- brehhan Old High German
- refreno Ido
- refreindre Middle French
- refrener Middle French
- 𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 Gothic
- 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 Gothic
- 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌺𐌰 Gothic
- refrään Estonian
- brejo Old Portuguese
- breka Old Frisian
- refraindre xno
- refrener xno
- *breg(i)štā Proto-Albanian