espionage
English
/ˈɛs.pi.ə.ˌnɑːʒ/
noun
Definitions
- The act or process of learning secret information through clandestine means.
Etymology
Borrowed from French espionnage derived from Middle French espionner (spy) derived from Old French espion (spy) derived from Italian spione (spy) root from Proto-Indo-European *speḱ- (look, see).
Origin
Proto-Indo-European
*speḱ-
Gloss
look, see
Concept
Semantic Field
Sense perception
Ontological Category
Action/Process
Kanji
見
Emoji
Timeline
Distribution of cognates by language
Geogrpahic distribution of cognates
Cognates and derived terms
- antiespionage English
- auspice English
- conspectus English
- conspicuous English
- counter-espionage English
- counterespionage English
- cyberespionage English
- despicable English
- especially English
- espiocrat English
- inspect English
- perspicacious English
- perspicuous English
- respite English
- species English
- specimen English
- suspicious English
- aspectus Latin
- auspex Latin
- auspicium Latin
- circumspecto Latin
- circumspectō Latin
- conspectus Latin
- conspicuus Latin
- cōnspicuus Latin
- dēspicere Latin
- expectāre Latin
- perspicax Latin
- perspicio Latin
- perspicācitās Latin
- prospectus Latin
- respectus Latin
- retrōspectum Latin
- specialis Latin
- species Latin
- speciēs Latin
- speciōsus Latin
- spectaculum Latin
- spectator Latin
- spectrum Latin
- spectāculum Latin
- speculum Latin
- speculātus Latin
- specus Latin
- suspectus Latin
- suspiciō, suspicio, suspiciōnem Latin
- cyberspione Italian
- speciale Italian
- specialmente Italian
- spia Italian
- spioncello Italian
- spione Italian
- spionage Dutch, Flemish
- contrespionnage French
- cyberespionnage French
- espionnage French
- espionner French
- σκεπτικός Ancient Greek
- σκοπέω Ancient Greek
- σκοπός Ancient Greek
- ἐπίσκοπος Ancient Greek
- *skep-ye- Proto-Indo-European
- *speḱ- Proto-Indo-European
- *spéḱyeti Proto-Indo-European
- *spₔḱ-tós Proto-Indo-European
- *sḱop Proto-Indo-European
- *spahō Proto-Germanic
- *spahōną Proto-Germanic
- *spehōną Proto-Germanic
- ærcebiscop Old English
- पश्यति Sanskrit
- biskupligr Old Norse
- biskupsdóttir Old Norse
- biskupskosning Old Norse
- biskupskør Old Norse
- erkibiskupligr Old Norse
- espie Old French
- espion Old French
- espionaxe Galician
- bespien Middle Dutch
- սպաս Old Armenian
- espionner Middle French
- daler Middle Low German
- spegel Middle Low German
- *spáćati Proto-Indo-Iranian