anneal
English
/əˈniːl/
verb
Definitions
- (metallurgy) To subject to great heat and then (often slow) cooling, and sometimes reheating and further cooling, for the purpose of rendering less brittle; to temper; to toughen.
- To cool glass slowly, to minimize internal stress.
- (archaic) To burn colors onto a glass or other surface.
- (genetics) To make a double-stranded nucleic acid by pairing a single strand with a complementary strand.
- (figurative) To strengthen or harden.
Etymology
Inherited from Middle English anelen inherited from Old English anǣlan derived from Proto-Germanic *ana (on, at, onto, ana), *ailijaną (kindle, burn) derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ- (burn, fire, kindle, shine, ignite).
Origin
Proto-Indo-European
*h₂eydʰ-
Gloss
burn, fire, kindle, shine, ignite
Concept
Semantic Field
The body
Ontological Category
Action/Process
Kanji
火
Emoji
🔥
Timeline
Distribution of cognates by language
Geogrpahic distribution of cognates
Cognates and derived terms
- anele English
- annealable English
- annealer English
- annealment English
- misanneal English
- nonannealable English
- reanneal English
- aestus Latin
- aestās Latin
- aestātem Latin
- an- German
- Αἴτνη Ancient Greek
- αἰθήρ Ancient Greek
- αἴθω Ancient Greek
- *h₂en- Proto-Indo-European
- *h₂eydʰ- Proto-Indo-European
- *h₂éydʰ-lom Proto-Indo-European
- *h₂éydʰ-s Proto-Indo-European
- *h₂éydʰteh₂ts Proto-Indo-European
- *aidlō Proto-Germanic
- *aidulǭ Proto-Germanic
- *ailijaną Proto-Germanic
- *aistaz Proto-Germanic
- *ana Proto-Germanic
- Eldslandet Swedish
- eld Swedish
- elddyrkan Swedish
- eldslukare Swedish
- eldstad Swedish
- skärseld Swedish
- alfæt Old English
- anǣlan Old English
- on Old English
- on- Old English
- ælan Old English
- āl Old English
- an- Middle English
- anelen Middle English
- eldr Old Norse
- an Danish
- ild Danish
- ildfast Danish
- ildflue Danish
- ildhu Danish
- ildkugle Danish
- ildsjæl Danish
- ildslukker Danish
- ildsvåde Danish
- krydsild Danish
- skærsild Danish
- eldfjall Icelandic
- eldhnöttur Icelandic
- eldhús Icelandic
- eldlilja Icelandic
- eldpipar Icelandic
- eldspýta Icelandic
- eldstæði Icelandic
- eldstöð Icelandic
- eldur Icelandic
- ana Old High German
- Áed Old Irish
- hith Albanian
- 𐌰𐌽𐌰 Gothic
- ana Old Dutch
- *aidos Proto-Celtic
- *aidus Proto-Celtic
- *aydus Proto-Celtic
- *Haydʰ- Proto-Indo-Iranian
- ana- Old Saxon
- elder Old Swedish
- *aissāts Proto-Italic
- *aiðīlis Proto-Italic
- 𐭰𐭩𐭡𐭠 Middle Persian
- intsau Tocharian B
- eld Old Danish
- iilj North Frisian
- *áitʰos Proto-Hellenic
- ᚨᚾ Proto-Norse