dürfen
German (Berlin)
/ˈdʏrfən/, /ˈdʏrfən/
verb-irregular
Definitions
- (auxiliary) To be allowed (to do something); to be permitted (to do something); may.
- (intransitive) To be allowed or permitted to do something implied or previously stated; may.
- (subjunctive present) Expresses that something is estimated or probable.
- (colloquial) to must, to have to
Etymology
Inherited from Middle High German dürfen inherited from Old High German durfan inherited from Proto-Germanic *þurbaną (need, require, must).
Origin
Proto-Germanic
*þurbaną
Gloss
need, require, must
Concept
Semantic Field
Cognition
Ontological Category
Other
Emoji
Timeline
Distribution of cognates by language
Geogrpahic distribution of cognates
Cognates and derived terms
- tharcake English
- tharf English
- Bedürfnis German
- bedürfen German
- bedürftig German
- Εὐτέρπη Ancient Greek
- τέρπω Ancient Greek
- τέρψις Ancient Greek
- τερπικέραυνος Ancient Greek
- τερπνός Ancient Greek
- *terkʷ- Proto-Indo-European
- *terp- Proto-Indo-European
- *tetórpe Proto-Indo-European
- *þarf Proto-Germanic
- *þurbaną Proto-Germanic
- þurfan Old English
- therf Middle English
- þora Old Norse
- þurfa Old Norse
- turde Danish
- τέρπω Greek (modern)
- durfan Old High German
- thurfan Old High German
- bedürfen Middle High German
- dürfen Middle High German
- däerfen Luxembourgish, Letzeburgesch
- 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽 Gothic
- דאַרפֿן Yiddish
- *þurban gmw-pro
- *thurvan Old Dutch
- durran Old Dutch
- thurvan Old Saxon
- törfe Alemannic German
- dürve Central Franconian